0000010996 00000 n Wolfcop (Werewolf Transformation) It's not easy being a werewolf fan, because most werewolf movies suck. Even in our petroleum-powered age, the U.S. uses more biomass today (about 165 gigawatts a year) than it did at any point during the 19th century. An animal must be able to move nutrients and fluids through its body, and it must be able to react to external or internal stimuli. Body Transformation: Olu Ben-Shidah Drops The Fat And Gets Jacked. In a broader sense, I’m featuring this project because it has a lot to teach us about how the energy system got to be the way it is today—and how it might change, and be made to change, in the future. It is not necessary to aim at one particular part of the body in order to reduce the amount of fat in the body. The first commercial coal mines operated in America in the 18th century, and the first oil well was drilled in 1859. In the 1870s, biomass gave way to the first fossil fuels: coal and, to a lesser extent, petroleum. by Tekwolf. A blog about male animal and age transformation scenes in the media. �94�)��>W�a"K Create New Item. By the 1910s, coal was dominant. It was round, firm, and ball-shaped now! An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.The dissolved electrolyte separates into cations and anions, which disperse uniformly through the solvent.Electrically, such a solution is neutral. But because the country’s population is almost always growing, a decline in per capita use doesn’t translate to a decline in absolute use. It’s biomass. The short and glib answer is that this chart is climate change. And look at that chunk of biomass! In the 1920s, it began to fade from the economy, replaced by natural gas, electricity, and—in the transportation sector—petroleum (in the form of gasoline). Chronic muscle stimula- tion, however, has long been used by basic scien- tists studying the details of the muscular adapta- tion process. Sy�g%���HZZo�~Q�[�0�Ӿ�#�"���� y�ePK,?7^ {�=v�_��" ��ڶ�̹�L�K?���Nx�I�� 8�A�\�+#��[(���{��z�i;��^$/nM� Look at coal’s struggle in the 20th century—at its peak in 1918, it powered every part of the economy except agriculture. "V�/���&E[`� vr���X��V�R����$%��m��`ͼy���� ��_>m�6�f��S��� ���� %���F��awyB}7��xL(#>~W? The first thing you should know about the history of energy in the United States is that, about 150 years ago, the horses got absolutely ripped. Sign up here. 02���8���z�� So coal was able to power so much of the economy, so quickly, because it traveled easily by railroad. They become 50 percent more powerful,” Robert Suits, a historian at the University of Chicago, told me. Take 1800, for instance. And likewise, transitions can work more quickly when they’re able to use preexisting infrastructure. 0000012239 00000 n That’s wind filling the sails of schooners. * SEQUENCE BROWSING TIPS: If you do not want to view a sequence in a frame, you can right-click and open the link in a new window or tab. The left side of the chart shows where energy is coming from (coal, natural gas, or petroleum) and the right side shows what it’s being used for (transportation, agriculture, or home lighting and heating). Nov 6, 2018 Growing up, Liem Pham was bullied for being a skinny โ€ฆ You can’t understand the history of American energy use without them. “We have to turn those pencil lines into boxes,” she said. Honestly, I’ve featured this chart here in the hopes that you’ll go to their website and play around with it. Your gut was growing at a tremendous rate! It heated homes, powered railroads, and helped forge steel. Emily Grubert, an engineering professor at Georgia Tech, noted that nearly all of the transitions depicted were accidental or the result of market forces. A new visual history puts them in context. “You could write a book from that Sankey alone,” Apratim Sahay, an energy consultant based in Boston, told me. It became a fuel primarily used for generating electricity, in part because its domestic origin made it especially attractive and reliable-seeming to policy makers. 0000001734 00000 n 0000005181 00000 n He was not a brain or particularly athletic. Every Tuesday morning, our lead climate reporter brings you the big ideas, expert analysis, and vital guidance that will help you flourish on a changing planet. The Transformation Story Archive: Horses and Doggies and Cats, Oh my... Oh Bull! It’s possible that the transition to zero-carbon energy could be faster, she said, because it will be intentional. H�tUM��6��Б. The same is true with electricity. Season Tickets. The second and maybe just as obvious point is that the U.S. and the entire world need to pull off an energy transition that rivals anything seen in the past two centuries. bx@��'����j�n��Yٚq��a�?����aq��Za�r7] }մQ1ʵ����bK�L:r$0�d�Z3n�aD�� Ϧlz��O�gx9�����1i�9����G.�n�q������LΗ�W�CB�N���S��8q���;ɥ\����c����֋14A$/r�6��}��ty�].u�Y�������h�d�wW�^bQtA���9uC�O�E0�uc��E�*�f%��k�1�����V�8�X��-�>��KrY�Wk��tum��uW�(��g��\� @��t��U ��7ĕ� ��6T�l^>��i�{{ 0000015859 00000 n So are we. Your waist and legs matched the muscular-fat thing, as you could see from the now perfect fit of the pants. However, this narration leaves out a lot of the surprises that make the chart wonderful. 0000009289 00000 n There is … a lot going on in it. trailer << /Size 81 /Info 38 0 R /Root 44 0 R /Prev 485395 /ID[<8c4f06275775c06cdc21ad51ad9c0649>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 44 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 37 0 R /Metadata 39 0 R /AcroForm 45 0 R /FICL:Enfocus 40 0 R >> endobj 45 0 obj << /Fields [ ] /DR << /Font << /ZaDb 34 0 R /Helv 35 0 R >> /Encoding << /PDFDocEncoding 36 0 R >> >> /DA (/Helv 0 Tf 0 g ) >> endobj 79 0 obj << /S 191 /V 303 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 80 0 R >> stream WIERZUCHOWSKI M, SYSA J, DZISIOW F. PMID: 18884283 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] MeSH Terms. }�,��͕ai�dˢ�3��/ That’s mostly firewood. This matters to the history of energy because, back then, horses were a primary form of transportation. H�|UK��0��Wp$������Jm����V=����������� ��zs2���pxJͫN�'�U:���N�P�����9Ohr��k���������y���SZ�M�Te� ��T7z\;f�B����ŵ�� Pd\*mFwH���L��5� N�]�k���kl� |jS?t�/��>�����C�*���qY7��w� ��%�r|_�����nG2_�8�H,� Then it declined so quickly that, by the 1960s, it seemed destined for eradication. So once electric cars have slightly better battery life, she said, their basic obstacle to mass adoption is likely to be the lack of charging infrastructure, not the fact that many people will already own a gas-powered car. As far as I’m aware, this is the first attempt to put so much information about U.S. energy history in one place. In the 1810s, the average American horse ate 25,000 to 30,000 calories a day, Suits said. You lifted up your shirt to see that your chest now had semi-muscular pecs, which matched your new biceps, but they were both covered in a layer of fat. 0000013172 00000 n It was published today: This type of chart is called a Sankey diagram, which shows the relative size of flows in and out of a system. It matters because of how the change happened at all—a massive program of selective breeding that was not possible, Suits said, until railroads existed to ferry promising horses over long distances. By the same token, every battle in energy seems to have happened before. 0000016754 00000 n But the amount of coal energy didn’t exceed the amount of biomass energy until 1888. 0000003707 00000 n Tuesday, November 11, 2014. 0000012218 00000 n Q������V���:�jA�*���=dEƳ`J�$��!�n���Nf,�*�E;�@)�F�c� z���h;K�ib�X�pO#)ߗ�ϔ]c'��k[�����!+z��ғYP>����n���#l���W�ѥ7 ������ĕ��_�賆����ѻ�-m� �� �J ��l&�� 0 w��� endstream endobj 61 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /CourierNewPS-BoldMT /FontBBox [ -250 -250 702 1000 ] /Flags 35 /CapHeight 666 /Ascent 833 /Descent 300 /StemV 191 /ItalicAngle 0 /XHeight 466 /AvgWidth 600 /MaxWidth 748 >> endobj 62 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /Arial-BoldMT /FontBBox [ -250 -250 1075 1000 ] /Flags 32 /CapHeight 724 /Ascent 905 /Descent 212 /StemV 153 /ItalicAngle 0 /XHeight 506 /Leading 33 /AvgWidth 479 /MaxWidth 1242 >> endobj 63 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /BaseFont /Arial-BoldMT /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 62 0 R /Widths [ 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 278 333 474 556 556 889 722 238 333 333 389 584 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 333 333 584 584 584 611 975 722 722 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 556 722 611 833 722 778 667 778 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 333 278 333 584 556 333 556 611 556 611 556 333 611 611 278 278 556 278 889 611 611 611 611 389 556 333 611 556 778 556 556 500 389 280 389 584 750 556 750 278 556 500 1000 556 556 333 1000 667 333 1000 750 611 750 750 278 278 500 500 350 556 1000 333 1000 556 333 944 750 500 667 278 333 556 556 556 556 280 556 333 737 370 556 584 333 737 552 400 549 333 333 333 576 556 278 333 333 365 556 834 834 834 611 722 722 722 722 722 722 1000 722 667 667 667 667 278 278 278 278 722 722 778 778 778 778 778 584 778 722 722 722 722 667 667 611 556 556 556 556 556 556 889 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 278 278 611 611 611 611 611 611 611 549 611 611 611 611 611 556 611 556 ] >> endobj 64 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /BaseFont /CourierNewPS-BoldMT /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 61 0 R /Widths [ 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 ] >> endobj 65 0 obj 855 endobj 66 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 65 0 R >> stream 0000002189 00000 n 43 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 46 /H [ 1367 367 ] /L 486383 /E 81380 /N 6 /T 485405 >> endobj xref 43 38 0000000016 00000 n “But if you look at the economy, steam engines straight-up don’t matter until the 1860s or ’70s. �3� “The Bureau of Reclamation would build dams on river valleys, and the federal Power Marketing Administrations would sell electricity to reclaim costs,” he said. Thanks for reading. Did someone forward you this newsletter? Intravenous glucose transformation during severe muscular exercise in normal dogs. muscular tension The minute cellular damageโ€“ microtrauma โ€“ that triggers muscle repair and growth happens both during the negative and positive portions of an exercise. The half century from 1800 to 1850 saw the country devour biomass, most of it in the form of firewood and animal feed. %PDF-1.4 %���� To put it lightly, he didn't fit in. But it was dirty and frustrating to move, and its price was volatile. &N�!���G��:^N%�d]'����yk��w��Y��}�~��j����Z��_�ng���Z������b�eV�����c�ߴ�*�m�H*~�C�����X��t�Ę.��=7�D`��7�2z0ʆ+�U Iŗa���iS\Lg���K����ϵ�)݌O�&Z�q������pE�W������y�� 0 �VЦ endstream endobj 57 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /BaseFont /ArialMT /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FontDescriptor 58 0 R /Widths [ 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 750 278 278 355 556 556 889 667 191 333 333 389 584 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 584 584 584 556 1015 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 722 778 667 778 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 278 278 278 469 556 333 556 556 500 556 556 278 556 556 222 222 500 222 833 556 556 556 556 333 500 278 556 500 722 500 500 500 334 260 334 584 750 556 750 222 556 333 1000 556 556 333 1000 667 333 1000 750 611 750 750 222 222 333 333 350 556 1000 333 1000 500 333 944 750 500 667 278 333 556 556 556 556 260 556 333 737 370 556 584 333 737 552 400 549 333 333 333 576 537 278 333 333 365 556 834 834 834 611 667 667 667 667 667 667 1000 722 667 667 667 667 278 278 278 278 722 722 778 778 778 778 778 584 778 722 722 722 722 667 667 611 556 556 556 556 556 556 889 500 556 556 556 556 278 278 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 549 611 556 556 556 556 500 556 500 ] >> endobj 58 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /FontName /ArialMT /FontBBox [ -250 -250 1072 1000 ] /Flags 32 /CapHeight 724 /Ascent 905 /Descent 212 /StemV 80 /ItalicAngle 0 /XHeight 506 /Leading 33 /AvgWidth 441 /MaxWidth 1294 >> endobj 59 0 obj 778 endobj 60 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 59 0 R >> stream XP%��{�Ys2m�4�l�8����9]����K������� Q��U*E��s�R55|��vk��rH��I�^�+�"RH��5L#��B(\���-(�g&%� {t1��/�(T�|�H�W�H�`u�t����j����k�T�U�s Paid Members paths show up to 20 chapters! And because Americans used so much firewood to heat their homes, that’s also about when the energy used in the economy exceeded the amount of energy used at home. 0000014987 00000 n muscular definition: 1. related to muscles: 2. having well-developed muscles: 3. powerful: . 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Sign up to get The Weekly Planet, our guide to living through climate change, in your inbox. Instead, the oil crisis struck during the 1970s, and coal found a new niche. Author information: (1)Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. Solar and wind energy are represented by lines only a few pixels wide. Instead, it’s the lack of supply and distribution technology—such as a pipeline or the power grid—that tend to drag transitions down. In the 1870s, biomass gave way to the first fossil fuels: coal and, to a lesser extent, petroleum. �@��?��bH��K,bj��b�{��G���WmԼ��vG�\P/9�He=.$5I��ٓ���AdZ����8����K�B�Ű�E��۟��x_aRD/ �x�tm.�K���P��m�KIɴ�_���n�W�g�i��G}�lѣ.͹e�E���� �M��s������ڂ�>�k�B. In fact, since 1800, the only type of energy source to decline in absolute terms is coal, represented as black in this chart: Look at that green sliver at the bottom of the chart. By Stacey Leasca. It is possible to achieve the desired results by โ€ฆ “These projects not only reduced urban-rural disparity but structurally transformed jobs in the economy from agriculture towards manufacturing and services.” They also made farms more productive. 0000009528 00000 n You really start to miss that the bulk of any given transformation has to have this layer of infrastructure that enables scaling up.”. Learn more. Marcela Perea was a self-proclaimed treadmill queen working her way through every possible diet and pill, until she found Crossfit and lost 43 lbs. “Historians have a habit of emphasizing firsts. But whereas biomass became animal feed and firewood back then, today it is mostly corn used for ethanol production—and also firewood, actually. If you had looked around then, you would’ve assumed coal had only a few short years left, Moyer and her colleagues write. “Coal was basically doing everything in the economy except electricity,” Suits said. The half century from 1800 to 1850 saw the country devour biomass, most of it in the form of firewood and animal feed. Here's how Liem Pham pulled off his dramatic transformation. Petroleum and natural gas became dominant in the 20th century after the pipeline infrastructure was built. Electrification’s growth after 1932 was inseparable from the Roosevelt administration’s program of rural electrification, he said. Chen CN(1), Graber TG, Bratten WM, Ferrington DA, Thompson LV. 0000002217 00000 n 0000008412 00000 n (This is as good a moment as any to mention that I am a visiting journalism fellow at the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago this year. This particular Sankey diagram shows the inputs and outputs for the U.S. energy system, measured in watts per capita. Transformation Artwork March 2015 and earlier > NEWEST transformation artwork is here < * Some images contain nudity or adult content - those images are designated with a warning. !�[ݞ��nc@�@s X�R�\H��G�o��j��,�����6�~�y"�q_����Tn 0000013193 00000 n “The stuff we talk about wanting to do isn’t even visible on this chart,” Grubert said. A SKINNY entrepreneur said that becoming vegan has transformed him into a muscular millionaire making $5million-a-year. 0000015880 00000 n Sahay, the energy consultant, noticed other details. That tidbit is one of many things I learned from an astonishing new research project from Suits and his colleagues. Immunoproteasome in animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. muscular ๆ„ๅ‘ณ, ๅฎš็พฉ, muscular ใฏไฝ•ใ‹: 1. related to muscles: 2. having well-developed muscles: 3. powerful: . Transformation Wolf werewolf claw claws feet foot_fetish Feet_fetish Paws Paw Backbone Back Muscle Muscular Musclegod Jock TF mid_transformation Video Sexy animal anthro lycanthropy strong buff pain painful werewolves toes soles pawdaddy beast Shop Memberships. He was a โ€ฆ Body transformations are more than 'before' and 'after' pics. How Does It Work? Energy transitions tend to move faster when they’re able to coast on infrastructure that was built for an earlier purpose. ... T1 - Immunoproteasome in animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Brady was a kid that no one liked to have around. I sent the chart to two other energy experts to get their thoughts. �Mt��N�J �}��(�4=x�W�C�5:� P�csu��`�4����:L.q�4�W��L���Dڈa ��������=�� !���^ul 0000003450 00000 n Another observation: Everything happens in energy history later than I expect. It will help you think more keenly about climate change. 0000008171 00000 n Remember, this Sankey diagram is in per capita terms. 0000004930 00000 n 0000009775 00000 n H�dT�r�8��Z�Th�`?2vj�jb�s��\�&�#ܤ���B���FE���>݌P�I!����B&�TmĈ��+j]>�����oz[�f�uEl]��H���4RsDs�X�D�"���ow���-%7}������� :E���"�, Behind those smiles and fresh gym kit, there's an inspiring story to be told about how they embarked on their journey to a healthier self. w�x�),a9��CF��ДJ`)�6����gi���E�#Bb�Q�w���Wf�c��A]T�ҩ�����-���R�ǟ�;���wǶ�$ߋ/�;��L�� XƧ����P�a[��&2x@ɕ�l�΀6�� �f+ �)�3���1�L�T2�U>3��8T�Y�gT�@�P��糂����i�岹\wO���s_*�|�)�~�}���H8�T��f~�i��g��fp�r'T��L��X"��p}���f� %�M¹~��:!��9�"u�����}��p9�& ����;��[��F�C�@2ſ���UN�`H���W���M��Ȕ���a-�dT�F�[��������K�`��r����&�A�}�B;�SA�)X�nl�w��S(�ƾ��nܴ�r�0?�MLg��r[n��s���F�0�˕��I��}���[0� Rahul Saggu, 27, said โ€ฆ 0000006954 00000 n Photography Has Gotten Climate Change Wrong From the Start, a full interactive version of their chart, a quarter of the world’s total historic CO₂ pollution. It was possible because railroads existed—which, in turn, ran on coal. Muscle cells fuel their actions by converting chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is derived from the metabolism of food, into mechanical energy. We should use a similar scheme now to electrify the rest of the economy, he said—and, in fact, that’s what Senator Bernie Sanders proposed during the presidential primary. Since 1973, per capita energy use hasn’t increased. It is not a paid position, and I haven’t been able to visit since 2019, because of the pandemic. And it matters, finally, because you must understand how yoked horses are to figure out how much energy the U.S. economy used to use. 0000017119 00000 n But it’s how I met Moyer.). Login / Sign Up. (Petroleum initially dominated as fuel โ€ฆ 0000014077 00000 n So what does this chart have to do with climate change? 0000014098 00000 n America has emitted a quarter of the world’s total historic CO₂ pollution, 400 billion tons, more than any other country. Potion of Muscular Bodybuilder Transformation----our reader's own choice--It was a book of transformation potions; Get MORE! 0000005210 00000 n ใ‚‚ใฃใจ่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ �֔c���]�'IVs+�Vȁot����-�!v�n��������2{0v�mF\yY���hKV.d�e�O�`�1g�$� � �T������� �Y���1���觕�����i���fW8��)Vno��u�s= L(�g���W�b�}��l.�����{c�S����r�����6]���0���uU1�z�[w;i| !��� endstream endobj 55 0 obj 726 endobj 56 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 55 0 R >> stream 0000001367 00000 n Look at what the energy system was like 100 years before you were born. By 1900, each ate 35,000 to 40,000 calories a day. 0000001107 00000 n It’s a history of the American energy system in chart form, from 1800 to 2019. During the stretching (negative) phase, contracted muscles lengthen to their stretched positions when โ€ฆ The hydro going to industry is from rivers spinning gristmills. 0000006129 00000 n That thread of wind energy going to transportation? In addition, DKO that showed greatest increase in proteasome activities also demonstrated more severe atrophy compared with MDX and WT. In Los Angeles in 1900, you could find the past and the future of American transportation standing next to each other. According to Kuzco and Yzma, he was lost at sea on a trip when Kuzco was just a baby; thereby granting the throne to Kuzco. First, you can glean the big eras in American energy use from this chart. Since Yzma claims to have raised Kuzco, it is possible his mother passed away as well, rendering hiโ€ฆ When is the first viable automobile? That is, indeed, Suits and Moyer’s biggest takeaway from working on this project. That is what you’re looking at in this chart, in the jagged slopes of coal power and the unquenched demand for petroleum. “The changes that are happening in the electricity sector now—changes that are as large as any energy transition we’ve seen—are difficult to grasp … without animating the data,” Elisabeth Moyer, an atmospheric-chemistry professor at the University of Chicago who created the project, told me. Not much is known about his past except in The Emperor's New School episode \"Father O Mine\", where Kuzco's real father appears in a flashback. When is the first steam engine in America?” Suits said. It was getting a handle on that change, actually, that led the project’s leader to start working on it in the first place. If you look at the 2019 version of the Sankey diagram, you’ll see the two largest blocks of color represent natural gas and petroleum. He is a strong, muscular man, and was emperor before Kuzco. Households don’t seem to mind throwing out a coal furnace in their house in exchange for a natural-gas one, she said. Animals; Dogs; Glucose/pharmacology* Muscles* Physical Conditioning, Animalโ€ฆ That means that horses today are biologically inseparable from how fossil fuels historically transformed them. These data demonstrated that there was transformation of standard proteasomes to immunoproteasomes in dystrophic muscles. But finally, consider the horses. They were able to get so beefy in the 19th century not because the corn or oats improved, but because selective breeding was suddenly possible. In recent years, you can see natural gas driving out coal from the electricity sector. That translates to far more hay and oats. �,����'�u7����F�8��i7�Uk�aR!���_����_��H/C���w ���uf���C����to�~l�cˤ�pS���0�c� This was the age of cars and electrified Sun Belt suburbs—and it lasted 50 years, until the energy crisis of the 1970s arrived and capped energy use. 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