From humble beginnings in a tenement building in Glasgow, Sir Thomas would rise to become a world-renowned entrepreneur, yachtsman and of course, tea … Parliament further reduces the British import taxes on tea in an effort to end the smuggling that accounts for the majority of the nation's tea imports. It first became known to western civilization through Portuguese priests and merchants in China during the early 16th century. The first American consul at Canton, Major Samuel Shaw, trades cargo for tea and silk, earning investors a great return on their capital and encouraging more Americans to trade with China. Such "tea parties" are repeated in Philadelphia, New York, Maine, North Carolina, and Maryland through 1774. In the 18th century, tea had heavy import duties, consumption was limited to the higher classes. Tea is the common name of the Camellia sinensis plant which possesses cooling and astringent flavor. The Assam tea seed is planted in Java. Tea bags are successfully marketed. The first Russians to be recorded as tasting tea were Ivan Petrov and Vasili Tumenets, Cossacks, dispatched by Tsar Michael the 1st as envoys to create trade with China. The Chinese would become addicted to the supply of opium, ensuring a constant supply of cheap tea to the English. Tea is brought to Canada by the Hudson Bay Company. For 50 years, India is unsuccessful. This movement eventually inspired the word “teetotaling”. Thomas Johnstone Lipton opens his first shop in Glasgow, using American merchandising methods he learned working in the grocery section of a New York department store. Tea drinking becomes a popular pastime in Europe, as a result of a craze for anything Oriental. Thomas Lipton buys tea estates in Ceylon, in order to sell tea at a reasonable price at his growing chain of 300 grocery stores. Europeans learn about tea when a Venetian author credits the lengthy lives of Asians to their tea drinking. Buddhism and tea journey from China to Japan. Commercial development began during the 1850s. The first Indian tea bushes are “discovered” growing wild in the Assam region of India by British Army Major Robert Bruce. Today, the ancient beverage is widely consumed and has become apart of modern life. Black tea (Bohea) (Wu-i) passes green tea in popularity in England, with sugar and milk becoming popular additives early on. Tea is introduced to England by the Dutch East India Company. The masses continue to indulge. The Book of Tea, 茶の本, is written by Okakura Kakuzo, thus introducing the west to the Japanese Tea Ceremony and its history. In Russia, tea has become the national beverage (besides Vodka). Europeans hear about tea again when Portuguese priests spreading Roman Catholicism through China taste tea and write about its medicinal and taste benefits. First created by a Zen priest named Murata Shuko, the ceremony is called Cha-no-yu, literally meaning "hot water tea" and celebrates the mundane aspects of everyday life. The Japanese Shogun Ashikaga-Yoshimasa builds the first tearoom at his palace in Kyoto. The second emperor of China, Shen Nung, discovers tea when tea leaves blow into his cup of hot water (or so the story goes). The protest was against the Tea Act of 1773. It also preserves the health and frees them from all those evils that the immoderate use of wine doth breed in us.”. He was a scholar, the father of agriculture and the inventor of Chinese herbal medicine. when the Emperor Shen Nong, a skilled ruler and scientist, accidentally discovered tea. The Temperance Movement is founded as a result of rampant alcoholism brought on by the Industrial Revolution. Parliament ends the Britain's Navigation Acts, and U.S. clipper ships are allowed to transport China tea to British ports. Tea catches on in the Dutch court. The practice and etiquette of “chanoyu” (“hot water tea”) is born. Dilmah Global Timeline. England imposes high taxes on tea and other items sent to the American colonists. Now called Kuang Ya in the Chinese dictionary, tea and its detailed infusion and preparation steps are defined. When Charles II takes a tea-drinking bride (Catherine Braganza of Portugal), tea becomes so chic that alcohol consumption declines. The history of tea is long and complex, spreading across multiple cultures over the span of thousands of years. Tea sold at Garaway’s Coffee House, London. The tale begins in the early 1820s, barely five years after the surrender of Kandy, the last surviving indigenously-ruled state in Ceylon, to the British crown. Marco Polo, Magellan, Alvar Nunez Cabeza, Niccolo Da Conti et al., containing the first mention of tea in Euro lit. Japanese Buddhist abbot Eisai writes the first Japanese tea book Kitcha-Yojoki (Book of Tea Sanitation). Tea likely originated in China during the Shang dynasty as a medicinal drink. Strange as it may seem, the story of Ceylon Tea begins with coffee. One or two cups of this decoction taken on an empty stomach removes fever, headache, stomach ache, pain in the side, or in the joints, and it should be taken as hot as you can bear it… And it is so highly valued and esteemed that every one going on a journey takes it with him, and those people would gladly give a sack of rhubarb for one ounce of Chai Catai. The first published account of methods of planting, processing, and drinking came in 350 ce. Tea drinkers enjoy the art or flowers and then smell and slurp from a shared tea bowl. During Queen Anne's reign, tea drinking thrives in British coffeehouses. Thomas Twinning converts his coffeehouse to the first teashop “The Golden Lyon”, which becomes the first place for women to meet and socialize in public. U.S. clipper ships soon desert China trade for the more profitable work of taking gold seekers to California. The History of Tea. ), the second of the three Chinese Emperors of the San Huang Period, (3,000 – 2,700 B.C.). The grandson of Thomas Twinning persuades the Prime Minister William Pitt to drop the high taxes on tea, not only eliminating smuggling, but making tea an affordable luxury to Brits of all walks of life. Tea with milk is mentioned in Madam de Sévigné's letters. The Adulteration of Food, Drink, and Drugs Act deems the sale of adulterated drugs or other unlabeled mixtures with foreign additives that increase weight as punishable offenses. Cutty Sark clipper built – the last merchant ship to be so built. The English East India Company monopolizes British tea imports after convincing the British government to ban Dutch imports of tea. “Surely a pretty woman never looks prettier than when making tea.” - Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Lady Audley's Secret (1862). Dutch East India Company market tea. This added strategic impetus to the already-strong monopoly of the John Foundation. History of tea in China History of tea in Europe History of tea in India History of tea in Japan Tea timeline Tea Ceremony History Timeline 1000 BC First tea leaves were grown in China as a medicinal drink more. Tea planting in the Indian district of Darjeeling had begun Dr. Campbell, a civil surgeon of the Indian Medical Service. Reddit. Ethical (?!) An early credible record of tea drinking dates to the 3rd century AD, in a medical text written by Hua Tuo. Our story began way back in the 1800s with the vision of one man, our very own Sir Thomas Lipton. Today: Tea is the most widely consumed beverage in the world next to water. English tea drinking hits a rate of 2 pounds per capita annually, a rate that increases by five times over the next 10 years. England’s first tax on tea, levied at 8 pence for every gallon of tea sold at the coffeehouses. After several British attempts to end the taxation protests, the American Revolution begins. A New York tea merchant named Thomas Sullivan packages his samples of tea in silk sachets, as a way to cut down on his costs. The English East India Company brings the gift of tea to the British king and queen. The government also established tea nurseries during that period. Japanese tea master Sen-no Rikyu opens the first independent teahouse and evolves the tea ceremony into its current simple and aesthetic ritual. The book provided a timeline of tea's influence on social history through war, trade and culture - offering enough details to keep me intrigued, but not so much that I got bored. So, in an attempt to summarize two millennia of tea-based history a colleague of mine and I have put together a timeline of major events from the supposed original cuppa to the state of the British tea industry today – with not a little violence, greed, and fury thrown in for good measure. The selection of the right teapot used to brew the tea was just as important as the selection of the type of tea itself. By then, the rest of the island had already been a British colony for more than a generation. Tea parties become quite trendy among women across the social classes. Coffee-rust fungus destroyed most of the coffee plants in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka): this led to the establishment of the tea industry there. Tea smuggling is rampant in England as people resort to illegal measures to avoid paying the high tax on tea. A furious British Parliament passes the Coercive Acts in response to the American "tea party" rebellions. The book covers detailed ancient Chinese tea cultivation and preparation techniques. Holland tea prices drop to $80-$100 per pound. Gold stolen from the South Americans…. Both men and women patronize the shop. The first tea is sold publicly in Massachusetts. The “tea heretics” (doctors and university authorities) of Holland argue over the positive and negative effects of tea, while the Dutch continue to enjoy their newfound beverage. Second  Opium War, resulted in a second group of treaty ports being set up; eventually more than 80 treaty ports were established in China, involving many foreign powers (France, Russia, and the U.S.). A Chinese mandarin gifts him with Earl Grey Tea, containing the key ingredient of oil of bergamot (cross between pear lemon and Seville orange). Japanese priests studying in China carried tea seeds and leaves back. The Dutch bring back green tea from Japan (although some argue it was from China). It is believed that the teapot originally derived its shape from the wine ewers and ceramic kettles that came from China when tea was originally shipped to Europe in the 17th century. Teahouses in garden settings pop up around China. 206 B.C.–220 C.E. Tea becomes a popular drink in China for both its flavor and medicinal qualities. Tea drinking becomes prevalent among the masses in Japan. The Japanese Buddhist saint and priest Saicho and the monk Kobo Daishi bring tea seeds and cultivation and manufacturing tips back from China and plant gardens in the Japanese temples. But believe it or not, there was a time before tea-drinking, and we’re going to tell you all about it. Iced Tea Punches While popular lore has iced tea being discovered by accident in the early twentieth century, there are documents dating the use of iced tea in the seventeenth century. Realizing the potential popularity of tea and the money it could generate, the British Crown levies a 5-shilling per pound tax on dried tea. Tea in Japan is rare and expensive, enjoyed mostly by high priests and the aristocracy. Please take a look and let us know what you think. The tea master uses special utensils to whisk the intense powdered tea. A Dutch trader introduces tea to the Dutch settlers in New Amsterdam (a small settlement in North America). teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history, Complete English translation with translator’s notes. To escape the emptiness of the world…. The first tea from Indian soil and imported Chinese tea plants is sold. Japan's shogun Yoshimasa encourages tea ceremonies, painting, and drama. By clicking enter you are verifying that you are old enough to consume alcohol. Persian traveler Chaggi Memet (Haji Mohamed): “He told me that all over Cathay they made use of another plant or rather of its leaves. Having picked some tea, he drank it, Sumatra, Indonesia becomes a cultivator and exporter of tea followed by Kenya and parts of Africa. English Quaker John Horniman introduces the first retail tea in sealed, lead-lined packages. Documents identify Confucius, teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history, as a tea user. 1657 — Tea is first sold publicly in England at Garway's Coffee House in London 1658 — First advertisements of tea in a newspaper appear in London 1659 — London newspaper records that tea, coffee, and chocolate are sold "almost in every street" such as the shops in the famous Exchange Alley section of London (see map to the right) And those people of Cathay do say if in our part of the world, in Persia, and the country of the Franks, people only knew of it, there is no doubt that the merchants would cease altogether to buy rhubarb.”. With the Industrial Revolution and the transition from hand production methods to machines, merchants like Sir Thomas Lipton demanded high-speed packaging to facilitate world-wide distribution. This is called by those people Chai Catai, and grows in the district of Cathay which is called Cacian-fu [Szechwan]…, They take of that herb, whether dry or fresh, and boil it well in water. The Japanese tea ceremony emerges onto the scene. It thrives over the earlier planted China variety. Clipper ships are outdated by the development of faster steamers. In the 19th century, aided by a reduction of duty, tea use began to rise, but was still an expensive item. First attempt at tea cultivation in the United States. Turkish traders bargain for tea on the border of Mongolia. The debate over tea's health benefits versus detriments heightens when a Dutch doctor praises its curative side while French and German doctors call out its harmful side. The Duchess of York introduces tea to Scotland. “Throughout the whole of England the drinking of tea is general. Use this popup to embed a mailing list sign up form. Tea production began in the Azores, Portugal. He even holds tea-tasting tournaments in the court. But that which before all they delight to drink is water almost boiling, mingled with the powdered chia.”. Anna the 7th Duchess of Bedford invents “Afternoon Tea” to abolish the “sinking feeling” she experienced during the long gap between breakfast and dinner. Nestle USA introduced the first instant tea, Nestea. Photos and illustrations enhanced the historic perspective, and sidebar stories provided snapshots of tea's impact around the world. First tea tax imposed in China. Across the globe, people have come to rely on their daily cuppa and the jolt of joy that comes with it. The Suez Canal opens, shortening the trip to China and making steamships more economical. The Chinese plant did not thrive however, and was later supplanted by the hardier Assam variety. Map: The spread of the word for “tea” across the world. Chinese poet-scholar Lu Yu writes the first book of tea, titled Ch'a Ching (The Classic of Tea) in timely alignment with Taoist beliefs. The history of tea started from China and it spread to various parts of world. Yes, tea is that powerful. King Charles II married the Portuguese Princess Catherine of Braganza, who, not only introduced tea at court, but also brought to England (as part of her dowry), the territories of Bombay and Tangiers. Annual tea importation to England tops 800,000 pounds. In protest of British tea taxes and in what becomes known as the Boston Tea Party, colonists disguised as Native Americans board East India Company ships and unload hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor. The Dutch introduce several teas and tea traditions to New Amsterdam, which later becomes New York. Londoners get their first peak at a U.S. clipper ship when one arrives from Hong Kong full of China tea. Buddhism and tea devotion spreads further. Chinese Emperor Hui Tsung becomes tea obsessed and writes about the best tea-whisking methods. Australians were forced to survive off roughly three cups of weak tea each day, until 1950. Tea wholesaler Henry Charles Harrod takes over a London grocery store and grows it into one of the world's largest department stores. Tea was successfully marketed in Russia, when a Mongolian ruler donated to Tsar Michael I four poods (65–70 kg) of tea. Ceylon's successful coffee market turns into a successful tea market. The first tea is sold as a health beverage in London, England at Garway's Coffee House. 700’s Tea became popular medicine during the Tang Dynasty Period. The first Chinese tea seeds are planted in Java by an entrepreneurial Dutchman (J.I.L.L. King George III agrees to the Boston Port Bill, which closes the Boston Harbor until the East India Company is reimbursed for its tea. Caravans carried tea on the Silk Road, trading with India, Turkey, and Russia. By an act of the British Prime Minister Charles Grey (the second Earl Grey and the namesake of the famous tea), the East India Company loses its monopoly in the trade with China, mostly in tea. Parliament rescinds the Townshend Revenue Act, eliminating all import taxes except those on teas. Among the higher classes, tea was the only item customarily made in the dining room or drawing room by the By this time Lyon’s has over 250 tea shops, and taking tea, as meal away from home becomes a pert of daily life. Hartford and Gilman buy whole clipper shipments from the New York harbor and sell the tea 1/3 cheaper than other merchants. The paper teabag is developed by the Tetley tea Company, thus transforming tea-drinking habits around the world. Trade with China is expensive however, and England’s solution to its financial problem is opium. The Assam seed flourishes and becomes the first commercial tea from Ceylon. The Dutch East India Company markets tea as an exotic medicinal drink, but it's so expensive only the aristocracy can afford the tea and its serving pieces. Drinking powdered and frothed tea or tea scented with flowers is widespread in China while earlier flavorings fall by the wayside. A town meeting is held in Boston to protest the Townshend Revenue Act, which leads to an American boycott of British imports and a smuggling in of Dutch teas. And flew to a fairy mansion, An alternative theory is that the original shape may have come from Islamic coffee pots. Tea and the Chinese word t’e (Amoy dialect) is brought to England directly from the Amoy region. While, it was said that tea was discovered by accident. Going back to the starting point of the “tea leaf” slowed production to forty-thousand tea bags a day but gained high marks for flavor, taste, authenticity and a reflection of the true attraction consumers have to tea. Now viewed as a valuable commodity, the first Chinese teas are sold at auctions in Europe. Some historians believe Marco Polo encountered tea in his travel, other historians point out that his writings fail to mention tea at all. In one of her famous letters to her daughter she reminds her to offer milk with the tea when entertaining guests. Campbell was transferred to Darjeeling in 1839 and used seeds from China to begin experimental tea planting, a practice he and others continued during the 1840s. Assam tea plants take over imported Chinese plants in India and its tea market booms. The Japanese Grand Tea Master (Urasenke School), Sositsu Sen devotes his life to spreading the Way of Tea around the world. Mongolia takes over China and since the Emperor of Mongol isn't a "tea guy," tea drinking dies down in the courts and among the aristocracy. 85034 United States. Spanish Jesuit missionary to China Father Diego de Pantoja (Didaco Pantoia) writes a work on Chinese etiquette, with the soundbyte: “When they have ended their salutations, they straightway cause a drink to be brought, which they call ch’a, which is water boyled with a certaine herbe, which they much esteeme… and they must drink of it twice or thrice.”. Italian priest-poet-diplomat Giovanni Botero writes: On the Causes of Greatness in Cities (Delle Cause Della Grandezza Delle Citta), mentions the Chinese habit of tea drinking: “The Chinese have an herb from which they press a delicate juice which serves them instead of wine. England wins “the right” to trade opium for tea. In order to fill Russia's tea demand, traders and three hundred camels travel 11,000 miles to and from China, which takes sixteen months. Congress reduces U.S. duties on coffee and tea and other imports. The Japanese emperor serves powdered tea, named hiki-cha from the Chinese character, to Buddhist priests. TEA TIMELINE (photo source: Fine Dining Lovers) It’s painful to imagine a world without tea. Alternatively use it as a simple call to action with a link to a product or a page. Demand for tea as a medicinal beverage rises in China and cultivation processes are developed. Scottish grocer Thomas Lipton buys numerous tea plantations in Ceylon, goes on to revolutionize tea production, and introduces Lipton brand tea, using orange pekoe and pekoe leaves, with the slogan: “Direct from the tea gardens to the teapot”. The English begin to make and use silver teapots. It was a significant event in the American Revolution and is considered a contributing factor in the buildup to the Revolutionary War. Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) discovers a sea route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, after which in 1513 Jorge Alvares (-1521) becomes the first Portuguese to land in China, and in 1535 the Chinese emperor permits the Portuguese to settle in Macao at the mouth of the Pearl River; meanwhile on Aug. 24, 1511 the Portuguese under Alfonso de Albuquerque (1453-1515) conquer Malacca on the Malay Peninsula; in 1516 they reach China, sending an ambassador to Peiping (Beijing) in 1517, and reach Japan in 1540. Tea was poured into cups, which were then handed round on trays with jugs of cream, bowls of sugar, and plates of toast, bread and butter, and cakes. Revolution Tea is founded on the idea of bringing premium, full-leaf teas to consumers. Revolution Tea introduces the first flow-through Infuser tea bag, which captures the flavor and aroma of loose, full-leaf tea in the convenience of a tea bag. The History of Tea – A Complete Tea Timeline The Origin of Tea - Some 5,000 years ago the “tea leaf” was discovered … a beautiful gift from nature that nurtured both the body and soul. They were treated to many kinds of meat including duck, beef, mutton and game, and to accompany this great feast the two Russians were served Mongol milk tea. Ceylon’s coffee industry is devastated by a coffee blight. Although there are several tea vendors that claim to have been the first to create this now world-famous drink, the most credible is Liu Han-Chieh of Chun Shui Tang Teahouse in Taichung. Habits were formed, traditions established, and inspiring words written and sung declaring that tea is to become the most popular beverage in the world. Russia and China sign a treaty that brings the tea trade across Mongolia and Siberia. While boiling water in the garden, a leaf from an overhanging wild tea tree drifted into his pot. Today Over 2.5 million tea is grown and produced in more than 40 countries worldwide. Tea is introduced to Russia, when the Chinese embassy visits Moscow, bringing a chest of tea as a gift for the Czar Alexis. In England, teashops become the popular place for the working class to take their afternoon tea. Scholars hailed the brew as a cure for a variety of ailments; the nobility considered the consumption of good tea as a mark of their status, and the common people simply enjoyed its flavour. Anna the Duchess of Bedford introduces afternoon tea, which becomes a lasting English ritual. During the Ming Dynasty, the Chinese start drinking tea, by steeping the whole leaf tea in hot water. For millennia it was a medicinal beverage obtained by boiling fresh leaves in water, but around the 3rd century ce it became a daily drink, and tea cultivation and processing began. Black tea exceeds green tea in popularity in Europe. England imports an annual average 240,000 pounds of tea. In the early 80s, he noted that Japanese people enjoyed drinking cold coffee and so he tried out the idea with tea. England begins to trade directly with China. During the Mongol take over of China, tea becomes a commonplace beverage but never regains its high social status. This will eventually lead to widespread smuggling. 1929: The first tea plantation was established in Malaysia during the British colonisation, in Cameron Highlands. Chinese tea drinking is on the rise, as are elegant teahouses and teacups carefully crafted from porcelain and pottery. By then, the rest of the island had already been a British colony for more than a generation. They begin to trade opium, (which they could grow cheaply in India) with the Chinese for tea. “Initially there were lots of complaints about this ration, but over time, most Australians coped by just drinking weaker brews,” Peter said, adding that not all Australians coped well. The Dutch procure tea and Chinese clay teapots from Portuguese traders in Macao, and establish a trading relationship with the Japanese. Tea is planted in and about Darjeeling, India. Nations have defined themselves by the tea trade and culturally by their tea ceremonies. 1601, English East India Company founded. Drinking tea became popular in Britain during the 17th century. A certain tea merchant had planned to give away samples of his tea to the fair-goers, and when unable to think of anything else to do when a heat wave threatened his plans, he dumped ice into his hot tea. A small amount is sent to England and quickly purchased due to its uniqueness. Scotsman James Taylor, manager of a coffee plantation in Ceylon, Sri Lanka, experiments with growing tea, planting both the China and India seed. In Holland, tea is widely available for purchase in common food shops. Italian Jesuit writer Giovanni Pietro (John Peter) Maffei writes: Historica Indica in Rome, talking about tea drinking in Japan, with the soundbyte: “The Japanese have as yet no use for grapes, but they make a kind of wine from rice. Twinings of England begins to blend tea for uniformity. as “Chai Catai” in an account of the 16th century. The British introduced tea production, a… Over 90 percent of Britain's tea is still imported from China. Tea Partnership established. Tea rationing was formally introduced in late February 1942 and by July a coupon system had been arranged. A plant fungus ruins the coffee crop in Ceylon and spreads throughout the Orient and the Pacific, giving a hefty boost to tea drinking. The Chinese give tea give its own character: chía. Then he sprouted wings, The history of tea is an epic saga, a journey through time and an odyssey across continents. Local New York merchant George Huntington Hartford and his employer George P. 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