The figures, updated to 2014, ranged from 51% in Utah to 17% in Vermont. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, The RLS surveys more than 35,000 Americans from all 50 states about their religious affiliations, beliefs and practices, and social and political views. Religion in Early America This website is based on an exhibition that was on view at the National Museum of American History from June 28, 2017 to June 3, 2018. Unitarian Universalism resulted from the merge of Unitarian and Universalist churches in the 20th century. [95] According to the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies newsletter published March, 2017, based on data from 2010, Bahá'ís were the largest minority religion in 80 counties out of the 3143 counties in the country.[32]. Various groups have conducted surveys to determine approximate percentages of those affiliated with each religious group. [31] Hinduism and Buddhism follow it closely in numbers (in 2014 the large scale Religious Life Survey found Islam with 0.9% and the other two with 0.7% each[67]). Other notable Founding Fathers may have been more directly deist. Roman Catholicism In South America Roman Catholicism is the largest religious denomination in South America and is practiced by over 50% of the population in all South American countries except Uruguay and Suriname. The strength of various sects varies greatly in different regions of the country, with rural parts of the South having many evangelicals but very few Catholics (except Louisiana and the Gulf Coast, and from among the Hispanic community, both of which consist mainly of Catholics), while urbanized areas of the north Atlantic states and Great Lakes, as well as many industrial and mining towns, are heavily Catholic, though still quite mixed, especially due to the heavily Protestant African-American communities. For example, 19% of self-identified American Jews do not believe God exists. The survey below, the American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) of 2008, was a random digit-dialed telephone survey of 54,461 American residential households in the contiguous United States. On January 3, 2013, Tulsi Gabbard became the first Hindu member of Congress, using a copy of the Bhagavad Gita while swearing-in.[228]. "[16], Expert researchers and authors have referred to the United States as a "Protestant nation" or "founded on Protestant principles,"[17][18][19][20] specifically emphasizing its Calvinist heritage. Those familiar with Leo Rosten's A Guide to the Religions of America (1955) and his Religions in America (1963) need not be told of the extraordinary reception both volumes received from the reviewers and … Of these religiously unaffiliated Americans, 37% classify themselves as spiritual but not religious.[130]. ), Nondenominational Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad. The Federation of Jain Associations in North America is an umbrella organization of local American and Canadian Jain congregations to preserve, practice, and promote Jainism and the Jain way of life. America gathered religions from around the world, was changed by them, and proceeded to change them. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. ", while 7% said no and 1% had no opinion. Religious Self-Identification of the U.S. Religion played a major role in the American Revolution by offering a moral sanction for opposition to the British--an assurance to the average American that revolution was justified in the sight of God. ), Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), Episcopalian/Anglican Family (Mainline Trad. Overall, “there is no correlation between Muslim attitudes toward violence and their frequency of mosque attendance". [144], The First Amendment guarantees both the free practice of religion and the non-establishment of religion by the federal government (later court decisions have extended that prohibition to the states). This is determined on a case-by-case basis in consultation with the student’s advisor. However, the states were not bound by the provision and as late as the 1830s Massachusetts provided tax money to local Congregational churches. The United States has since become a center of the Jain Diaspora. [21][22], The modern official motto of the United States of America, as established in a 1956 law signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, is "In God We Trust". Europe gave America not only Christianity but Judaism as well, while the rest of the world contributed its religions, all of which interacted with vibrant, pre-Columbian cultures. Neopaganism in the United States is represented by widely different movements and organizations. Asian religions have a long and intriguing history in America. Hill, Samuel S., Charles H. Lippy, and Charles Reagan Wilson, eds. They adopted elements of Neopaganism into their practices, for instance celebrating the festivals of the Wheel of the Year. This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 10:06. When it comes to mosque attendance specifically, data collected by a 2017 poll by the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding (ISPU) shows that American Muslim women and men attend the mosque at similar rates (45% for men and 35% for women). This percentage is higher than other surveyed Western countries. [105], Sikhism is a religion originating from the Indian subcontinent which was introduced into the United States when, around the turn of the 20th century, Sikhs started emigrating to the United States in significant numbers to work on farms in California. Religion in America Fast Facts Protestant 51.3% Roman Catholic 23.9% Mormon 1.7% Other Christian 1.6% Jewish 1.7% Buddhist 0.7% Muslim 0.6% Other or unspecified 2.5% Unaffiliated 12.1% (link goes to new [12] That influence continues in American culture, social life, and politics. This fascinating new book reflects the results of the turmoil and change in the religions of America since Leo Rosten first wrote about them. There is a wide range of racial and ethnic diversity among U.S. religious groups and denominations. Their political speeches show distinct deistic influence. 刊行年月 2009.12.01 版表示 4 ページ数 300p 大きさ H254 x W178 ISBN 9780664233204 Percentage of Americans by religious identification (1948–2017)[155], In 2016, a poll by the Public Religion Research Institute estimated that 69% of the Americans are Christians, with 45% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 20% professing Catholic beliefs. The Cambridge History of Religions in America January 2009 Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a … Religious freedom is a fundamental principle of American … [66], Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Eastern Orthodox and United Church of Christ members[67] have the highest number of graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita of all Christian denominations in the United States,[68][69] as well as the most high-income earners. ), Methodist Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad. It is simply impossible to list all varieties of religion 1 as we as a … Against a prevailing view that eighteenth-century Americans had not perpetuated the first settlers' passionate commitment to their faith, scholars now identify a high level of religious energy in colonies after 1700. [88][89] The first Muslim elected to Congress was Keith Ellison in 2006,[90] followed by André Carson in 2008. Based on their stated beliefs rather than their religious identification in 2008, 70% of Americans believe in a personal God, roughly 12% of Americans are atheist (no God) or agnostic (unknowable or unsure), and another 12% are deistic (a higher power but no personal God). He is the former governor of the state of Massachusetts, and his father George Romney was the governor of the state of Michigan. [23][24][25] The phrase first appeared on U.S. coins in 1864. Augustine. By the 1920s most had weakened or dropped their formal connection with a denomination. However, some states had established religions in some form until the 1830s. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Examine Religions in America D uring his 2016 Fulbright Specialist Lectureship in the Institute of Sociology, Pazmany Peter University in Budapest, the American Religious Experience Director asked his students to write brief papers on the topic of the Sociology and History of American Religions. A 2010 Gallup poll found 80% of Americans believe in a god, 12% believe in a universal spirit, 6% don't believe in either, 1% chose "other", and 1% had no opinion. Evang." The largest Neopagan religion is Wicca, followed by Neo-Druidism. ), Episcopalian/Anglican Family (Evangelical Trad. [31], A 2001 survey directed by Dr. Ariela Keysar for the City University of New York indicated that, amongst the more than 100 categories of response, "no religious identification" had the greatest increase in population in both absolute and percentage terms. Adult Pop. Mitt Romney, the Republican presidential nominee in 2012, is Mormon and a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The early 20th century was characterized by a continuation of tendencies that had their roots in the 19th century. Various dissenting Protestants, who left the Church of England, greatly diversified the religious landscape. (The most recognizable cities of California, for example, are named after Catholic saints. Question 2: Some people think that for an individual or a small group of people to target and kill civilians is sometimes justified, while others think that this kind of violence is never justified. [3], In 1963, 90% of U.S. adults claimed to be Christians while only 2% professed no religious identity. In colonial times, Anglicans, Catholics and mainline Protestants, as well as Jews, arrived from Europe. The United States has perhaps the second largest Bahá'í community in the world. Interdenominational evangelicalism and Pentecostalism emerged; new Protestant denominations such as Adventism; non-denominational movements such as the Restoration Movement (which over time separated into the Churches of Christ, the Christian churches and churches of Christ, and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)); Jehovah's Witnesses (called "Bible Students" in the latter part of the 19th century); and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormonism). [65] There are between 5.3 and 6.6 million Jews. [15] The Supreme Court since the 1940s has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment as applying the First Amendment to the state and local governments. The text of the First Amendment to the country's Constitution states that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." Which is your opinion? The following graph shows data across six different faith populations in the United States, and their answers to the two questions below ("W. Those patterns have faded away—Catholics, for example, now split about 50–50. Since then, the Catholic church has founded hundreds of other colleges and universities, along with thousands of primary and secondary schools. However, Sanders noted during the campaign that he does not actively practice any religion.[223]. North Carolina. In 2003, the Hindu American Foundation—a national institution protecting rights of the Hindu community of U.S.—was founded. [114][115] However, the same study also reported that "The researchers also found acceptance or rejection of atheists is related not only to personal religiosity, but also to one's exposure to diversity, education and political orientation – with more educated, East and West Coast Americans more accepting of atheists than their Midwestern counterparts. Significant difference in results from other databases include the lower representation of adherents of 1) all kinds (62.7%), 2) Christians (59.9%), 3) Protestants (less than 36%); and the greater number of unaffiliated (37.3%). [32] According to a 2014 survey conducted by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public life, 1.7% of adults in the U.S. identify Judaism as their religion. [212][213] Church attendance varies considerably by state and region. Religions of America presents scholars and researchers with more than 660,000 pages of content that follow the development of religions and religious movements born in the U.S. from 1820 to 1990. Just two would be Mormon, two would be Jewish and one would be Muslim. The survey also discovered that Jews in the Northeast and Midwest are generally more observant than Jews in the South or West. % of U.S. A 2012 Pew Research Center survey found that doubts about the existence of a god had grown among younger Americans, with 68% telling Pew they never doubt God's existence, a 15-point drop in five years. America’s New Religious Landscape: Three Major Trends The National Decline in White Christian Identity Demographically, the U.S. historically has been an overwhelmingly white Christian country, with white Protestants alone constituting a clear cultural majority. ), Other Methodist (Historically Black Protestant Trad. Evang." [40], Episcopalians[41] and Presbyterians[42] tend to be considerably wealthier and better educated than most other religious groups, and numbers of the most wealthy and affluent American families as the Vanderbilts[41] and Astors,[41] Rockefeller,[43] Du Pont, Roosevelt, Forbes, Whitneys,[41] Morgans[41] and Harrimans are Mainline Protestant families,[41] though those affiliated with Judaism are the wealthiest religious group in the United States[44][45] and those affiliated with Catholicism, owing to sheer size, have the largest number of adherents of all groups in the top income bracket.[46]. Looking at NYC, it is evident that Muslim Americans are engaged and active in important sectors of American life. … Carette and King, Selling Spirituality, 41. The followers of Nordic Paganism include Odinists, Tyrists, Lokians, Asatru, and practitioners of Seiðr, among other varying followers. [83] Looking at those two areas alone, the engagement of Muslim Americans is striking. ), Christian Churches and Churches of Christ, Congregationalist Family (Evangelical Trad. ), Conservative Congregational Christian Conference, Other Congregationalist (Evangelical Trad. A 2011 Gallup poll found 92% of Americans said yes to the basic question "Do you believe in God? Today students in the program may explore areas such For example, 19% of self-identified American Jews do not believe God exists. In 1894, Ibrahim George Kheiralla, a Syrian Bahá'í immigrant, established a community in the U.S. The same study says that other non-Christian religions (including Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam) collectively make up about 7% of the population. Eastern Orthodoxy was brought to America by Greek, Russian, Ukrainian, Serbian, and other immigrant groups, mainly from Eastern Europe. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Apart from the religions discussed above, other religions practiced in North America include Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and the Bahá'í Faith. The challenge to Christianity in the U.S. does not come from other religions but rather from a rejection of all forms of organized religion. Religions in Asian America : Building Faith Communities. [2] Various religious faiths have flourished within the United States. III. Nordic Pagans follow the teachings of the Hávamál. Buddhism entered the US during the 19th century with the arrival of the first immigrants from East Asia. Irving Lewis Allen, "WASP—From Sociological Concept to Epithet,", W.L. A significant number of people identify themselves as American Jews on ethnic and cultural grounds, rather than religious ones. 34% of American adults considered themselves "Born Again or Evangelical Christians" in 2008. [13] Several of the original Thirteen Colonies were established by settlers who wished to practice their own religion within a community of like-minded people: the Massachusetts Bay Colony was established by English Puritans (Congregationalists), Pennsylvania by British Quakers, Maryland by English Catholics, and Virginia by English Anglicans. ), Independent Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad. [219], Politicians frequently discuss their religion when campaigning, and fundamentalists and black Protestants are highly politically active. Since the 1990s, the religious share of Christians has decreased, while Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Sikhism, and other religions have spread, mainly from immigration. ), Other Nondenominational (Evangelical Trad. The RLS surveys more than 35,000 Americans from all 50 states about their religious affiliations, beliefs and practices, and social and political views. Their results found that majority of americans, across faith groups, do hold balanced views on Islam and Muslims, and also highlighted the shared sentiments of Muslim and Jewish communities on many of the questions, and the gaps identified between the Evangelical Christians polled and the other members of the study.[218]. [117], On 24 March 2012, American atheists sponsored the Reason Rally in Washington, D.C., followed by the American Atheist Convention in Bethesda, Maryland. The movement had been previously known as the Mental Sciences or the Christian Sciences. The first time Hinduism entered the U.S. is not clearly identifiable. Norse mythology is portrayed in popular culture and Nordic symbols and teachings are also used by many white supremacy groups. Ranging from 1784 to the present, it features over one … During the late 19th century Buddhist missionaries from Japan traveled to the US. Religion in the United States is diverse, with Christianity and specifically Protestantism being the majority religion, although declining at rapid pace. 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These include Thomas Paine, James Madison, possibly Alexander Hamilton, and Ethan Allen.[119]. For over two centuries, Asian immigrants have been coming to America and bringing their religions with them. The decision was mainly influenced by European Rationalist and Protestant ideals, but was also a consequence of the pragmatic concerns of minority religious groups and small states that did not want to be under the power or influence of a national religion that did not represent them. Asian Religions in America presents the breadth and depth of the American encounter with Asian religions through a wide range of documents -- written and visual, from both elite and popular culture -- dating from 1788 to the present. [74] ARIS 2008 estimated about 2.68 million adults (1.2%) in the country identify Judaism as their faith. From the 19th century to the present, Catholics moved to the US in large numbers due to immigration of Italians, Hispanics, Portuguese, French, Polish, Irish, Highland Scots, Dutch, Flemish, Hungarians, Germans, Lebanese (Maronite), and other ethnic groups. Scientology emerged in the 1950s. [56] Though small in number in the beginning, Catholicism grew over the centuries to become the largest single denomination in the US, primarily through immigration, but also through the acquisition of continental territories under the jurisdiction of French and Spanish Catholic powers. According to a 2008 ARIS survey, belief in God varies considerably by region. Slightly over 50% of Americans report that religion plays a very important role in their lives, a proportion unique among developed countries. The Jewish American community has higher household incomes than average, and is one of the best educated religious communities in the United States. [26] In 2016, 73.7% identified as Christians while 18.2% claimed no religious affiliation.[27]. He later left the main group and founded a rival movement. [64], The largest religion, Christianity, has proportionately diminished since 1990. "Religious nones," as they are called by researchers, are a diverse group made up of atheists, agnostics, the spiritual, and those who are no specific organized religion in particular. [72], After Christianity, Judaism is the next largest religious affiliation in the US, though this identification is not necessarily indicative of religious beliefs or practices. Some have been here for centuries, and some are finding their way through a … The United States government does not collect religious data in its census. On Common Ground Credits On Common Ground: World Religions in America and pluralism.org are dedicated to the people of the many religious, secular, and interfaith communities throughout the United States who have welcomed us into your midst and have given generously of … Various polls have been conducted to determine Americans' actual beliefs regarding a god: "Spiritual but not religious" (SBNR) is self-identified stance of spirituality that takes issue with organized religion as the sole or most valuable means of furthering spiritual growth. [138], Nordic Paganism is the umbrella term for polytheistic followers of the Proto-Norse period religions involving the Nordic pantheon of gods. Pentecostalism emerged in the early 20th century as a result of the Azusa Street Revival. ), Nonspecific Protestant Family (Evangelical Trad. March 13, 1911 L. … The fourth edition of "World Religions in America" continues its lauded tradition of providing students with reliable and nuanced information about America's religious diversity, while also reflecting new developments and ideas. A group of churches which started in the 1830s in the United States is known under the banner of "New Thought". Kevin M. Schultz, and Paul Harvey, "Everywhere and Nowhere: Recent Trends in American Religious History and Historiography", Obligations of Citizenship and Demands of Faith: Religious Accommodation in Pluralist Democracies by Nancy L. Rosenblum, Princeton University Press, 2000 – 438, p. 156, The figures for this 2007 abstract are based on surveies for 1990 and 2001 from the, McKinney, William. Despite these, and as a result of intervening religious strife and preference in England[14] the Plantation Act 1740 would set official policy for new immigrants coming to British America until the American Revolution. Asian Religions in America: A Documentary History is the first text to show the breadth and depth of the American encounter with Asian religions. The rebellious attitudes prevalent in frontier settlements fostered the growth of … When consolidating all Christian denominations into one religious grouping, Judaism is the second-largest religion in the U.S., practiced by 2% of the population, followed by Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam, each with 1% of the population. Religions that cannot be classed as either world religions nor traditional folk religions, and are usually recent in their inception. [2] Mississippi is the most religious state in the country, with 63% of its adult population described as very religious, saying that religion is important to them and attending religious services almost every week, while New Hampshire, with only 20% of its adult population described as very religious, is the least religious state. In 1963, the Reformed Druids of North America (RDNA) was founded by students at Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. Research indicates that Muslims in the United States are generally more assimilated and prosperous than their counterparts in Europe. During the 19th century, two main branches of Eastern Christianity also arrived to America. South America is also home to other religious groups which include Protestantism, Islam, and Judaism. Religions in America (Worcester State University, HI 345) by Tona Hangen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. The lowest rate is in the West with 59% reporting a belief in God, and the highest rate is in the South at 86%. According to the 2001 National Jewish Population Survey, 4.3 million American Jewish adults have some sort of strong connection to the Jewish community, whether religious or cultural. [148] The U.S. The main religions in North America are Protestantism, Catholicism, Judaism, Islam, Sikhism and Buddhism. James Hunter argues that: While the Puritans were securing their Commonwealth, members of the Catholic church in England were also planning a refuge, "for they too were being persecuted on account of their religion. Contrast to religion, spirituality has religions in america been associated with the communities around them further..., Lokians, Asatru, and other empirical social Science research by them and. Includes materials from Hebrew Christians and Pentecostal groups to Baptist organizations and Grace organizations... ] André Carson is the umbrella term for Polytheistic followers of Nordic Paganism include Odinists, Tyrists Lokians! Observant than Jews in the U.S combined, approximately 15.8 … European settlers brought the Christian religion them! Size was 113,723 ; 2001 sample size was 113,723 ; 2001 sample size was 50,281 in.. 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