This methodology was Quantitative data was obtained from a questionnaire completed by CERT course graduates, and qualitative information was acquired from key informant interviews. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. One of the, best places to get a sense of both the broad outlines of prag-, matism as a philosophy and its orientation to problem solv-, Throughout his career, Dewey sought to promote pragma-, tism by reorienting philosophy away from abstract concerns, and turning it instead toward an emphasis on human experi-, ence (Dewey, 1920/2008; 1925a/2008). These include critical realism (Maxwell & Mittapalli, 2010), the transformational paradigm (Mertens, 2010), the performative paradigm PREVELANCE OF PHILOSOPHICAL ASSUMPTIONS DESCRIBED IN MMR 6 (Schoonenboom, 2019), and certain forms of pragmatism (e.g. What is Pragmatic Paradigm? empowerment, social justice, and a politics of hope” (p. 420). As a new paradigm, pragmatism disrupts the assumptions of older approaches based on the philosophy of knowledge, while providing promising new directions for understanding the nature of social research. Pragmatic Skill (with Non-Verbal and Verbal Examples) Non- Verbal Uses natural gestures e.g., points to referent e.g., incorporates natural gestures into conversation Changes intensity and intonation of voice e.g., uses high pitch when playing with babies e.g., uses intensity/intonation to stress a word in a sentence Indicates existence The three research questions for this investigation ask how CBDRT courses could be adapted for these communities, what topics and activities would be most useful for such training, and how the teams could be established and maintained. At the core of the data was the notion of peer workers acting as a bridge to overcome systemic barriers. (Original work published 1920). 803–807. While there is no doubt that metaphysical discussions about, the nature of reality and truth can be extended to handle the, political and ethical aspects of research, pragmatism as a, philosophical paradigm has the advantage of naturally, assigning a central role of politics and ethics in every aspect, Once again, the larger point is that pragmatism as a, broad paradigm for social research can account for the, accomplishments of the previous paradigm without the, need for metaphysical assumptions. The point here is that any attempt to produce knowledge, occurs within a social context. as a process of self-conscious decision making. 3. I am not talking about any research. rements to ease its implementa The third theory is social-pragmatic theory, and it holds that the process of word learning is inherently and thoroughly social (Bruner 1983; Tomasello 1992a, 2000). In addition to exploring social interaction during episodes of strategy practice, the current research investigated how practitioners’ motivations to interact shape and are shaped by ongoing interactions and meaning making. But inquiry in general and, research in particular are specific realms of experience, and, as such, they are only part of Dewey’s larger philosophical, system. Greene & Hall, 2010; Rose Barbour and I are co-editing a book titled A New Era of Focus Groups, which will be published by Palgrave-McMillian. In: Encyclopedia of Social Theory. Furthermore, both the experiences we bring to research and the changes, we hope to produce are context bound, embodied and emo-, tional, and thoroughly social in nature. Pragmatic fieldwork also takes an iterative approach to inquiry (Charmaz, 2006). The MMR links to the pragmatism of Dewey, James, Mead, and Peirce are problematic. Overview of contemporary. More specifically, prag-, matism emphasizes that all aspects of research inherently, involve decisions about which goals are most meaningful, and which methods are most appropriate. Words don’t have inherent meanings attached to them from birth — rather, they gain their meanings through repeated use. “Pragmatic Theory of Truth” by William James 8. understanding the nature of social research. In A. Mertens, D. M. (2003). In this study the eclectic – mixed methods – pragmatic paradigm was used, but a shorter version of the name (pragmatic paradigm) was used, as is now more common (eg Mertens, 2005) The pragmatic paradigm enabled me to be flexible when looking at the social world, coming up with strategies of CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 3.1. Research was conducted with CBDRTs in developing nations using a mixed methods methodology with the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) programme being employed as a case study. Pragmatism research philosophy accepts concepts to be relevant only if they support action. This confusion is remi-, niscent of some paradigmatic claims that qualitative meth-, ods must be connected to constructivism and quantitative, methods must be connected to post-positivism. ), University. Dewey, J. and actions in contact with each other (see Figure 1). practical activities. Illinois University Press. I discuss how suitable these two frameworks are for analyzing online, educational discussions. A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie, Denzin, N. (2010). It clarifies each paradigm in an ideal-typical fashion and then conducts a comparison revealing commonalities and differences. Dewey’s thinking in this. It is certainly possible, to state this process as the production of knowledge, but, Dewey preferred to avoid this word because it was so, closely associated with what he called the “epistemological, industry” (Dewey, 1941/2008). The intended main contribution of the current research is to facilitate an understanding of how social interaction as social mechanism shape strategizing and resultant strategic outcomes. A pragmatic teacher might also arrange the classroom layout into table groups (see image). And how do our research communities, come together to emphasize one way of doing things rather, factors influence both the choices we make and the ways, that we interpret the outcomes of those choices. developing leadership, creating support networks, and cultivating partnerships Understanding the shift toward pragmatism as a para-, digm begins with the recent history of social research meth-, odology, from which interest in pragmatism emer, through its association with MMR. Other frameworks, building on Toulmin’s argument model hold presence of certain argument components as an indicator for rational argumentation. As a new paradigm, it replaces the older, philosophy of knowledge approach (e.g., Guba, 1990; Guba, & Lincoln, 2005; Lincoln, 2010), which understands social, research in terms of ontology, epistemology, ing the broader value of pragmatism as a philosophical, system, along with its immediate practicality for issues such, This article thus has two goals. In S. Hess-Biber &, Howe, K. R. (1988). for such training, and how the teams could be established and maintained. The pragmatist paradigm thus offers a reconciliation between 'scientific inquiry with the requirements of practical reason' (Friedrichs & Kratochwil, 2009:703 The production of knowledge is thus non-linear and temporal: dynamically and cyclically created and recreated through social interactions and subsequent social experiences with resultant consequences (Hall, 2013:17). 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