London: Adam and Charles Black, 1973. Today this skeptical trend is gaining ground. } El-Elohim was also known as Elohe Yisrael, the God of Israel, and as El-Elyon, Abraham’s God and the God of Israel’s fathers. “Classical Theism, Panentheism, and Pantheism.” Zygon 28.1 (March 1993): 29–45. Most of us, however, are so accustomed to the monotheistic paradigm as a fundamental pillar of our Western society that, however unsatisfactory, its dismantling is unimaginable—a moral catastrophe of incalculable consequence. For a further fifteen centuries the monotheistic paradigm remained unquestioned. else { Such a God is nameless, genderless, formless, a universal and all-merciful divinity beyond race or creed: not the Lord Jehovah, but the unknown and incomprehensible God of the Gnostics, the Ain Soph of the Kabbalists, the Brahma of the Vedantists. Campbell, Joseph. Elohim is the intensive plural of El and designated the High God’s first emanation, a trio of demiurgic principles who together executed the divine Will in the universe. Black’s Bible Dictionary. } Pantheism is the belief God and the universe can be equated; that God is the universe. Key Difference – Monotheism vs Polytheism Polytheism and Monotheism are two words that can be very confusing for most of the people, although there is a key difference between the two. Vol. $found=1; "d",$count); 1 : 0; . Panentheism Is also known as Monistic Monotheism. if ($this_time < ($time_stamp+60*$ip_lock_timeout)) { When considered together they may be called the pan-doctrines. Pantheism merely mentions the word "God" and that's all. The divine soul [God] is not in the body of the world the way a bean is in a box any more than the human psyche is in the body in such a fashion. For proponents of panentheism, God is a meaningless abstraction unless he is the Whole, the one universal Life acting in all particularities yet transcending them, the One who is also Many, the Being who is also Becoming. Religion stems from the theistic belief that a higher power exists, one who created us … El or El-Elohim was the ancient High God of the Canaanites and of the northern Israelite tribes of Samaria. The latter actualizes in the world the divine possibilities of the former. // end configuration The concept of Monotheism is solely associated with Islam. “Panentheism” is a constructed word composed of the English equivalents of the Greek terms “pan”, meaning all, “en”, meaning in, and “theism”, meaning God. It therefore stands distinct from pantheism (which believes God is all) as well as theism (which teaches God is distinct from His creation). The religious beliefs of Neoplatonism can be regarded as panentheistic. It specifically teaches that God is greater than the universe and that the universe exists within God. If all gods This distinction attimes develops into an ontological separation between God and theworld that makes any i… So does a mother interact with the child in her womb in such a way that both are undergoing a growth and an evolution together, in mutual love, while remaining distinct entities. Although open to a great deal of disputation among today’s scholars, the amalgamation of these different deities into one Yahwist formula is generally thought to have been the work of the post-Exilic scribes and elders. panentheism vs. monotheism vs. pantheism vs. polytheism The WoodenBoat Forum is sponsored by WoodenBoat Publications , publisher of WoodenBoat magazine. Only the Semitic-based religions have adopted the monotheistic formula: all the other high religions have posited a supreme unknowable Godhead out of whose womb emanates a hierarchy of deific principles that form a bridge with the cosmos. The author is an Australian living in the rural highlands of New South Wales with her husband. Lane Miller, eds. II. Panentheism vs Monotheism. But it has been faring badly ever since the Dutch philosopher and theologian Benedict Spinoza, influenced by the post-Renaissance heretic Giordano Bruno, asserted that since God was a perfect and unchanging necessity implicit in all things, we must reject the possibility of His divine love and freedom of action, attributes that were the very ground of Christian teachings. $ip_array = file($fpt_ip); "In pantheism, there is no difference between deity and reality. 2019-05-28 But this is a misunderstanding of the main thrust of his theory. The primary meaning of "pantheism" is "the belief that the Divine is identifiable with the forces of nature and with natural substances," and it is this meaning of pantheism which is properly contrasted with "pantheism" (the belief that the Divine is within the natural world but not limited to it). This is different from panentheism (also called monistic monotheism), where all is in God; it says the divine interpenetrates all aspects of the universe and transcends it. But even this most entrenched of Christian doctrines is under scrutiny in the present postmodernist climate. } 20.3). This universal arrangement is not pantheism (all is God), but panentheism, a term devised by Karl C. F. Krause (1781-1832) to describe his thought.It is best known for its use by Charles Hartshorne and recently by Matthew Fox. Purchases made using affiliate links may generate a small commission which helps to support the mission of The Theosophical Society, enabling us to continue to produce programming and provide resources. C. M. Laymon. Pantheism: the tree, the rock, and the river are in God. for ($i=0; $i By that, I mean that I believe the Christian God exists, but fclose($count_dat); Have we then abandoned this great bridging concept of a multileveled cosmogony to our cost? Monotheism is about 2,500 years old. Theological terms as understood by panentheists: 1. But has God died, or has two thousand years of bridgeless monotheistic theology finally robbed us of all meaningful awareness of our Supreme Source—and thereby robbed us of cultural creativity? Another problem is that, besides appropriating El’s name, Yahweh had at some point acquired El’s Canaanite consort, the goddess Asherah, whose image shared the Jerusalem sanctuary with Yahweh for many centuries (2 Kings 23.6). $reload_dat = fopen($fpt_ip,"w"); The way a culture looks at the world, how it relates to nature, what its values and ideals are, how it defines societal structure and norms—all are closely bound up with its concept of God. $count++; The creation is God’s body: its material evolution necessarily implies a divine evolution and limits the divine potential for infinitude, omniscience, and omnipotence. It is a true two-way relationship and should be viewed, says the philosopher Daniel Dombrowski in his critique of Hartshorne’s concept of God, "on the analogy of our own ability to be influenced by our cells, even though we can also exert an influence over our bodily parts, in that we are “omnipresent” in each part of our bodies. This pantheism *denies* all Gods and Goddesses, at least to the extent that They are understood as anything more than natural forces. Not so, says Charles Hartshorne, an early leader in this radical debate. Yahweh (Jehovah) was the warrior God or “God of Hosts,” that is, of armies, the God of Judah to the south (Hyatt; Miller and Miller 154). For those who are not knowing of what these terms mean essentially pantheism is the belief that the universe in itself is God or that God is the universe and thus the two are not separate. In no other way can God as pure Spirit interact with the creation, except through the activity of a series of lower creative forces imbued with executive power, lower gods or governors who are nearer in nature to the material universe. - $count_dat = fopen($fpt,"r+"); Panentheism meaning "all-in-God", also known as Monistic Monotheism, is a belief system which posits that the divine – whether as a single God, number of gods, or other form of "cosmic animating force" – interpenetrates every part of the universe and extends, timelessly (and, presumably, spacelessly) beyond it. fwrite($count_dat,$count); Hyatt, Philip J. “Compiling Israel’s Story.” In The Interpreter’s Commentary on the Bible, ed. From this first “family” grew the Canaanite pantheon. if ($lock_ip==0 || ($lock_ip==1 && checkIP($REMOTE_ADDR)==0)) { (Under this meaning, if there is any god whose existence you do not acknowledge - Satan, for example - you are NOT a pantheist.). fclose($count_dat); “Alston and Hartshorne on the Concept of God.” International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 36 (1994): 129–46. I'm fishing here, friends. Western civilization has been dominated from its beginning, or at least from the rise of Christianity, by the monotheistic idea of one Creator God whose sovereignty is universal and absolute. Therefore the world too is divine, and so is humanity. Monotheism vs. Polytheism It's worth noting that in each of the three Abrahamic religions that we just named, you may hear people praying to someone other than the main deity. The ‘one god’ is omnipotent and all-pervading, the universe is part of god, and god is both immanent and transcendent. $lock_ip =0; // IP locking (counter doesn't increments when page is reloaded) 1=yes 0=no Rather, it is in psyche that a bodily cell lives and moves and has its being.". For where everything is divine, nothing is genuinely other. The Masks of God. This is a “monopolar” vision of divinity just as monotheism is, but one that renders all the changes and contingencies of nature illusory. Theism Deity created the universe and continues to actively participate in the world’s activities and in human history. Pantheism Deity is the inner spiritual essence of everything in the universe. Bracken, Joseph. This is the philosophical belief that all things are God: the God interpenetrates all things and all aspects of all things, and that He transcends it. list($ip_addr,$time_stamp) = split("\|",$ip_array[$i]); Panentheism is a derived term of theism. Panentheism is a derived term of pantheism. Panentheism is the belief that the divine pervades and interpenetrates every part of the universe and also extends beyond space and time. As this meaning directly contradicts the primary meaning, persons using the term should be careful to specify which meaning they intend. The term comes from two Greek words meaning "all (pan) is God (theos). Theism is a related term of panentheism. In short, in refusing contact with our mediating gods, may it not be our own death we are witnessing? Let us approach this difference in the following manner. 8th ed. Panentheism, (also known as Monistic Monotheism), is the belief, similar to Pantheism, that the physical universe is joined to God, but stressing that God is greater than (rather than equivalent to) the universe. diss., Harvard University, 1923. In the religious sphere, Spinoza marked the beginning of the history of modern skepticism. Amid protests from conservative theologians, some extremely frank voices are now being raised on the issue. Thus God is not like a craftsman, supremely independent of his artifacts, but rather like the psyche of an organism such as the human body, intimately related to and caring of its own cellular organization in all its hierarchical complexity. So it can be argued that from the beginning an element of doctrinal ambiguity, not to say fiction, entered into the monotheistic reformation. P> don't necessarily worship that particular deity. Monotheism is the belief in one god. Panentheism: God is in the tree, the rock, and the river. She was worshipped there by kings and populace alike until the religious purges of the seventh and sixth centuries bce. As nouns the difference between panentheism and pantheism fwrite($reload_dat,"$ip_addr|$time_stamp"); Panentheism (Greek pan which means "all," en which means "in," and theos which means "God") is the position that God is greater than the universe, that the universe is in God, that he permeates every part of nature, is part of nature, extends beyond nature, and is also distinct from it. Pantheism is a related term of panentheism. According to some authorities, El’s son El-Shaddai, a god of mountains, also claimed the worship of the Hebrew people, and at some later point Yahweh, a tribal God of the Negev desert, gained the homage of the Judaean tribes and gradually took over the Jerusalem cult from El-Elyon (Miller and Miller 154). They do not mention any personality or consciousness of God or "The Unity". A secondary meaning of "pantheism" is "worship that admits or tolerates all gods." Kindly Pagans, White Supremacists Hold Dueling Gatherings In Southern State Park, This site has received This way of thinking can be especially important to people with ecological sensibilities, because they can combine faith in God with a love of people, animals, and the earth. Plotinus taught that there was an ineffable transcendent God ("the One", to En, τὸ Ἕν) of which subsequent realities were emanations. // Simple PHP Counter 1.1 It was first introduced in the SEA during the 13th Century by Arab traders who came to Malacca to do business in the spice region. On this interpretation, the best of the biblical tradition is the God of love—but this nurturing God is not to be found in the Lord Jehovah. Panentheism, on the other hand, is the concept of deity as both immanent in nature and existing beyond nature, both creative demiurge and all-surpassing Godhead—a “dipolar” unity. These were names of two divinities with entirely dissimilar and incompatible natures. Panentheism is a blending of theism (belief in a God) and pantheism (all is God). $count = 1; return ($found==1) ? From then on, orthodox Judaism cultivated, and bequeathed to Christianity, an image of the omniscient and omnipotent Almighty projected by the Old Testament God Jehovah, Creator and lone Ruler of the universe, who commanded, “Thou shalt have no other Gods before Me” (Exod. P> without excluding the existence of the rest of them. $this_time = time(); From "the One" emanates the Divine Mind (Nous, Νοῦς) and the Cosmic Soul (Psyche, Ψυχή). 3. } Panentheism, or Monistic Monotheism, is a form of theism that holds that god contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. The heart of the panentheistic exposition lies in the twin concepts of divine holism and divine love, which imply a voluntary self-limiting on God’s part, a voluntary self-transformation. P> and goddesses exist, you can worship one of them (Monotheism), fwrite($reload_dat,"$rem_addr|$this_time\n"); The Forum is a free service, and much like the "free" content on Public Radio, we hope you will support WoodenBoat by subscribing to this fabulous magazine. Joseph Bracken, S.J., Professor of Theology at Xavier University in Cincinnati, believes that the inadequate monotheistic model of God enshrined in Judaism—that of a transcendent First Principle, infinite, omnipotent, and omniscient, existing outside and apart from the world as its changeless and unconditioned cause and purpose—has actually encouraged atheism and needs to be fundamentally rethought. All copyrighted items mentioned are the property of their respective owners, and no form of ownership or endorsement is implied. In pantheism the distinction between God and nature is collapsed: God is a divine creative force immanent in all phenomena whatsoever. Pantheism vs Monotheism The Hacuyargosith faith can be considered to be both monotheistic and Pantheistic at the same time depending upon how one looks at. // optional configuration settings Monotheism vs. pantheism By: Dan Holdgreiwe ... "panentheism" (the belief that the Divine is within the natural world but not limited to it). Central to the three Semitic-based religions, this supremely governing idea has shaped our Western culture, imposing its strengths—and its limitations—on us more profoundly than we may realize. Frankenberry points out that classical theism, under the influence of the Christian church fathers, has exalted a divinity fashioned in the image of the imperial rulers of Rome. } In theological and philosophical circles the monotheistic model of deity that has prevailed for so long in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam is being questioned and increasingly discarded as inherently flawed. The abandonment of the classical theistic position paves the way not to a retreat into animism and superstition but to what he calls a “natural theology,” a theology in which God is the Whole and the world is in God: God is embodied by but not limited to the natural world. This had led many people who don't meet either of the above definitions to mistakenly call themselves pantheists. Even today, after many sublimations, he is not a God of love but of power, an absolute potentate who only by various sophistical evasions and artifices could be said to love his creation. In pantheism the distinction between God and nature is collapsed: God is a divine creative force immanent in all phenomena whatsoever. Panentheism is the idea that everything in the universe is part of God but that God is more than everything added together. The whole of nature is deity, and yet the deity is transcendent. This is the panentheistic model. Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 1984. PANTHEISM AND PANENTHEISM. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976. // Author: Chi Kien Uong Panentheism should not be confused with pantheism. Pantheism vs. Atheism It claims that God is everything in the world and yet greater than the world. Pantheism means that all is God; panentheism, that all is in God. People who believe in pantheism think God is the world around them and that God and the universe are identical. $fpt_ip = "/usr/home/paganlibrary.com/htdocs/counter/ip.txt"; // path to IP log file - chmod it to 666 Hartshorne’s most strongly argued work, Creative Synthesis and Philosophic Method, builds on a seminal foundation provided by Alfred North Whitehead and Henri Bergson, arguably the two most groundbreaking religious philosophers of the twentieth century. function checkIP($rem_addr) { Within the pagan community, the term pantheism is used even more sloppily as a synonym for polytheism and/or animism. As a number of eminent authorities have pointed out, the Levitical priests who introduced this great reform did so by stitching together in their revised and heavily edited Yahwist scriptures a composite picture of the Hebrew God, the One God who became known as Yahweh-Elohim (Campbell 96, Schuré 188). belief that there are gods or a god who created the world and have had some interaction That's not monotheism, that's henotheism. The Elohim could be thought of as either singular or plural, in the sense of a group acting as one or as a plurality, and were generally personified and worshipped as a Divine Family. $count = $line[0]; Opponents of process theology, as Hartshorne’s system has been called, have demurred at his imagery, which they say suggests that God’s containment of the world is on the same physical model as a box containing marbles. He conceives of God as a modulation between two poles or fundamental aspects: an eternal pole of potentiality and a temporal pole of actuality or manifestation. Schuré, Edouard. New York: Harper & Row, 1961. hits since Aug 4, 2000, COPYLEFT: Deism In addition to adopting the beliefs of general monotheism, deists also adopt the belief that the single existing god is personal in nature and transcendent from the created universe. fclose($reload_dat); $count_dat = fopen($fpt,"w+"); else { Frankenberry, Nancy. The panentheistic view is that everything existent is alive, there is no such thing as dead matter; the world lives in God and influences God in the same organic way that the cells of our body influence us. This is not surprising, of course, since he was originally a tribal god of somewhat poor character. Monotheism Vs. Polytheism. Panentheism should not be confused with pantheism. Note, however, that monotheism does not deny the existence of lesser beings (saints, angels, etc.) The replacement of El by Yahweh to form the name Yahweh-Elohim, still used in orthodox Judaism, therefore contained an inherent contradiction, since Yahweh claimed to be the one and only deity in the Hebrew heavens. } . The two doctrines can be definitely distinguished. // URL: http://www.proxy2.de fwrite($count_dat,$count); Last modified: August 19 2018 14:57:30. Pantheism, the doctrine that the universe conceived of as a whole is God and, conversely, that there is no God but the combined substance, forces, and laws that are manifested in the existing universe. if ($ip_addr == $rem_addr) { Classical Theism 1. The Great Initiates. “The Issue of Panentheism in the Dialogue with the Unbeliever.” Studies in Religion 21 (1992): 207–18. In Neoplatonism the world itself is God (according to Plato's Timaeus 37). Because modern “panentheism” developed under the influenceof German Idealism, Whiteheadian process philosophy, and currentscientific thought, panentheists employ a variety of terms withmeanings that have specialized content. [31]. // - chmod this document to 755! If we are made in his perfect image, why is evolution necessary? In context|rare|lang=en terms the difference between panentheism and pantheism is that panentheism is (rare) a belief in all gods while pantheism is (rare) the belief in all gods; omnitheism. And Nancy Frankenberry, the feminist Professor of Religion at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, states trenchantly that such a static concept of deity is unintelligible and is now “in profound disrepute”: "The incoherence of the classical conception of God has been so amply documented in the modern period that its persistence in an age of science seems as much a matter for psychoanalytic study as for philosophical comment." One problem is that El-Elohim, meaning “God of Gods,” belongs to a pluralistic cosmogony, while Yahweh does not. Miller, M. S., and J. In his major work, Hartshorne ascribes to God a “dipolar” as opposed to a “monopolar” transcendence. This pantheism *denies* all Gods and Goddesses, at least to the extent that They are understood as anything more than natural forces. $line = file($fpt); Would we not be returning to polytheism or to animistic pantheism—to the primitive language of superstition? However, a lot people with these beliefs don’t think carefully about this difference, so, practically speaking, pantheism and panentheism tend to overlap or blend, as they do with polytheism. But the inconsistencies are legion. $fpt = "/usr/home/paganlibrary.com/htdocs/counter/counter.txt"; // path to log file - chmod it to 666 Victoria LePage, the author of Shambhala (Quest Books), has a lifelong interest in finding the roots of all our religions in an underlying sacred knowledge or primordial gnosis. global $fpt_ip,$ip_lock_timeout; . } } How can an infinite God be meaningfully related to the contingencies of a finite cosmos? Participant in the following is an Australian living panentheism vs monotheism the world itself is God ( according Plato. More sloppily as a synonym for polytheism and/or animism with her husband of superstition monism... Soul ( Psyche, Ψυχή ) one that renders all the changes and contingencies of illusory., and yet greater than the universe exists within God the Argument the... Changes and contingencies of a finite cosmos somewhat poor character, angels etc! 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